en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_neutrino
5 corrections found
The Super-Kamiokande is a 50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector 2,700 meters (8,900 ft) underground.
Super-Kamiokande is about 1,000 meters underground, not 2,700 meters. The 2,700 figure refers to meters water equivalent overburden, not the actual depth below ground.
Full reasoning
The official Super-Kamiokande site says the detector is located at 1,000 meters underground in the Kamioka Mine. Other official Super-K materials use the same figure and distinguish it from 2,700 meters water equivalent (m.w.e.), which is a shielding/overburden measure rather than the physical depth. So the article is conflating underground depth with water-equivalent overburden.
2 sources
- Overview | Super-Kamiokande Official Website
The Super-Kamiokande detector consists of a stainless-steel tank... filled with 50,000 tons of water... The detector is located at 1,000 meters underground in the Kamioka Mine, Hida City, Gifu, Japan.
- Water tank and PMTs
The Super-Kamiokande site is 1000 m underground (2700 m water equivalent) in the Kamioka mine.
Borexino is an active detector, and experiments are still on-going.
Borexino is no longer an active running detector. The collaboration’s official site says the last data-acquisition run ended on October 7, 2021.
Full reasoning
The Borexino collaboration’s own website describes Borexino in the past tense: it “was a particle physics experiment” and says the last DAQ run stopped on Oct 7, 2021. That means the detector is not currently active in the sense claimed here, even though papers continued to be published afterward using previously collected data.
1 source
- Borexino: a Real Time Detector for Low Energy Neutrinos
Borexino was a particle physics experiment... Timeline... Last DAQ run (#36744) stopped on Oct 7, 2021. Last Borexino paper published on Jul 8, 2024.
The Homestake experiment used chlorine and was most sensitive to solar neutrinos produced by the decay of the beryllium isotope 7Be.
Homestake was primarily sensitive to high-energy boron-8 solar neutrinos, not mainly to beryllium-7 neutrinos.
Full reasoning
John Bahcall’s NobelPrize.org account explicitly says the Kamiokande water detector was sensitive to high-energy neutrinos from boron-8 (8B) and that the original Davis chlorine experiment was primarily, though not exclusively, sensitive to the same high-energy neutrinos. Raymond Davis’s Nobel lecture says even more directly that “It is these 8B neutrinos that produce most of the solar neutrino signal I detected”, with only some contribution from pep and 7Be neutrinos. So describing Homestake as most sensitive to 7Be is backwards.
2 sources
- Solving the mystery of the missing neutrinos - NobelPrize.org
The water detector was very sensitive, but only to high-energy neutrinos ... involving the decay of the nucleus 8B ... The original Davis experiment with chlorine was primarily, but not exclusively, sensitive to the same high-energy neutrinos.
- Raymond Davis Jr. – Nobel Lecture
It is these 8B neutrinos that produce most of the solar neutrino signal I detected, but there is also some contribution from pep and 7Be neutrinos.
the number of neutrinos detected on Earth versus the number of neutrinos predicted are different by a factor of a third, which is the solar neutrino problem
This is outdated/misstated. The total solar-neutrino flux observed at Earth agrees with solar-model predictions; the historic one-third deficit applied mainly to electron neutrinos before flavor conversion was understood.
Full reasoning
After SNO and Super-Kamiokande, the solar neutrino problem was resolved: the total number of solar neutrinos reaching Earth is consistent with solar-model predictions. What was missing was specifically the expected number of electron neutrinos, because many transform into muon and tau neutrinos on the way to Earth. NobelPrize.org summarizes the resolution clearly: the total number of neutrinos of all types agrees with the solar model, while electron neutrinos constitute about a third of the total number. So stating that the number of neutrinos detected on Earth is still lower than predicted by a factor of one-third is incorrect unless it is explicitly limited to electron neutrinos in the historical context.
2 sources
- Solving the mystery of the missing neutrinos - NobelPrize.org
Combining the SNO and the Super-Kamiokande measurements... The total number of neutrinos of all types agrees with the number predicted by the computer model of the Sun. Electron neutrinos constitute about a third of the total number of neutrinos.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 - Popular information
It was discovered that the electron-neutrinos were fewer than expected, while the total number of all three types of neutrinos combined still corresponded to expectations.
The entire experiment lasted several years as it was able to detect only a few chlorine to argon conversions each day
Homestake did not register a few argon atoms per day over only “several years.” It ran for decades, and the official historical record gives an average production of about 0.48 argon atoms per day, with extractions done roughly every two months.
Full reasoning
This sentence gets both the duration and the event rate wrong. The Sanford Underground Research Facility’s history page dates the Davis experiment from 1967 to 1994, not merely “several years.” Nobel and historical sources also describe the signal as only a few argon atoms per month, not a few per day. The Nobel Foundation’s 2002 background document gives the final average production as 0.48 ± 0.03 (stat.) ± 0.03 (syst.) argon atoms per day, and notes that argon extraction was done about once every two months. So the article overstates the daily conversion rate by several-fold and understates how long the experiment ran.
3 sources
- Davis Experiment | Sanford Underground Research Facility
September 1, 1967 - April 4, 1994 ... The experiment itself was installed in 1965, with first results published in 1968.
- Solving the mystery of the missing neutrinos - NobelPrize.org
Ray was sure that he could extract the predicted number of a few atoms of 37Ar per month out of a tank of cleaning fluid that is about the size of a large swimming pool.
- Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2002
The extraction of argon by helium was done approximately once every two months ... The production in the tank was 0.48 ± 0.03 (stat.) ± 0.03 (syst.) argon atoms per day.