en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative%E2%80%93absolutive_alignment
3 corrections found
Such languages are said to operate with S/O syntactic pivot.
Ergative morphology does not automatically mean an S/O syntactic pivot. Only syntactically ergative languages have an S/O pivot; many morphologically ergative languages instead have the more common S/A pivot in syntax.
Full reasoning
This sentence conflates ergative alignment in general with syntactic ergativity.
Authoritative sources distinguish these two things:
- Dixon’s Ergativity explains that a language has an S/O pivot only when its syntactic constraints treat S and O alike and A differently; such a language is then called syntactically ergative.
- The same source also states that many languages with morphological ergativity are entirely accusative (S/A pivot) at the syntactic level.
So an ergative language is not simply “said to operate with S/O syntactic pivot.” That is true only for the subset of ergative languages that are syntactically ergative. Many ergative languages have ergative case/agreement morphology but do not use an S/O pivot in syntax.
2 sources
- Inter-clausal or syntactic ergativity (Chapter 6) - Ergativity
If these constraints treat S and O in the same way and A differently, then the language is said to be 'syntactically ergative', with an S/O pivot; if they treat S and A in the same way and O differently, then it is said to be 'syntactically accusative', with an S/A pivot.
- Ergativity | Language | Cambridge Core
Many languages which have some morphological ergativity are entirely accusative (S/A pivot) at the syntactic level. All languages that show syntactic ergativity have some morphological ergativity.
the subjects in Latin are marked with the nominative case marker "-us" for both transitive and intransitive verbs. Similarly, the object is always marked with the accusative marker "-um".
Latin does not have a single nominative ending "-us" or a single accusative ending "-um" for all subjects and objects. Those endings are just one common second-declension pattern, not the language-wide rule.
Full reasoning
This overgeneralizes from the particular example nouns dominus and servus.
Latin nouns belong to multiple declensions and take different nominative and accusative endings depending on declension, gender, and number. For example:
- first-declension nouns have nominative singular -a and accusative singular -am;
- second-declension masculine nouns often have nominative singular -us and accusative singular -um;
- third-declension nouns have various nominative forms and often accusative singular -em (while neuters have nominative = accusative).
So it is incorrect to say that Latin subjects are marked with -us and objects are always marked with -um. Those are only the endings used by some second-declension nouns, including the specific examples shown here.
2 sources
- Nouns - Latin
First declension nouns end '-a' in the nominative singular... Accusative -am ... Second declension nouns ending '-us', '-ir' and '-er' are masculine... Accusative -um ... Third declension nouns... have a variety of forms.
- Rules of Noun Declension | Dickinson College Commentaries
Nouns are inflected in five Declensions... In neuters the Nominative and Accusative are always alike... The Accusative singular of all masculines and feminines ends in -m; the Accusative plural ends in -s.
the agent is only marked with the ergative case in the perfective aspect (also known as the "aorist screeve")
This mixes up Georgian aspect with Georgian screeves. A screeve is a tense–aspect–mood paradigm, not another name for the perfective aspect, and Georgian ergative marking is associated with the aorist series rather than with perfective aspect as such.
Full reasoning
The phrase is inaccurate in two related ways.
- In Georgian linguistics, a screeve is not the same thing as an aspect. A screeve is a verbal paradigm combining tense, aspect, and mood information.
- The aorist is one screeve (within the aorist series), while perfective is an aspect value that also appears elsewhere in the Georgian system. For example, the Surrey Morphology Group’s overview lists both the Future and the Aorist as perfective screeves. So the aorist screeve is not simply “another name” for the perfective aspect.
Because of this, saying that Georgian ergative marking occurs only in “the perfective aspect (also known as the ‘aorist screeve’)” is misleading. A more accurate description is that Georgian split ergativity is tied to the aorist series/screeves, not to perfective aspect in general.
2 sources
- Screeve - Surrey Morphology Group
The notion of 'screeve' originates from Georgian linguistics, where it is used to refer to a combination of tense, aspect and mood... Series I... Future... aspect: perfective... Series II... Aorist... aspect: perfective (or, less commonly, imperfective).
- On Pivots and Subjects in Georgian
Present/Future ... Aorist ... Erg -Nom – Dat ... indicating that Georgian case marking differs by series, with ergative in the aorist and non-ergative marking in present/future.