en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope
3 corrections found
c. 941 Rossano, Calabria, Papal States (Italy)
Rossano was not part of the Papal States in the mid-10th century. Contemporary reference works describe Rossano as a Byzantine center during this period.
Full reasoning
This birthplace entry assigns Rossano to the Papal States around 941, but that is inconsistent with standard historical references.
- Treccani's biography of Giovanni XVI says Giovanni Filagato was born in Rossano in Calabria to a "famiglia greco-bizantina" (a Greco-Byzantine family).
- Treccani's entry on Rossano says the city was "Ritornata sotto i Bizantini, dall'8° al 12° sec. fu una delle città più importanti della regione" — i.e. Rossano was under the Byzantines from the 8th to the 12th century.
So a person born there around 941 would not correctly be described as born in the Papal States.
2 sources
- GIOVANNI XVI, antipapa - Enciclopedia - Treccani
Giovanni Filagato nacque a Rossano, in Calabria, intorno alla metà del X secolo da famiglia greco-bizantina di umili origini.
- Rossano - Enciclopedia - Treccani
Ritornata sotto i Bizantini, dall'8° al 12° sec. fu una delle città più importanti della regione.
5 years, 324 days (31)
The parenthetical total is a calculation error. A pontificate lasting 5 years and 324 days cannot total 31 days.
Full reasoning
This looks like a simple arithmetic/typographical error.
The table says Sylvester IV's antipapacy lasted "5 years, 324 days", but then gives the total in parentheses as "(31)". Those two values are incompatible: a period of more than five years cannot equal 31 days.
An external chronology also places Sylvester IV from 1105.11.18 to 1111.04.12, confirming that this was a multi-year pontificate, not a 31-day one.
1 source
- Antipope Sylvester IV (1105-1111) - GCatholic
Antipope Sylvester IV (Maginulfo) 1105.11.18 - 1111.04.12 ... Antipope (1105.11.18 - 1111.04.12).
1010 Verona, Papal States
Verona was not part of the Papal States in 1010. Standard references place medieval Verona within the Holy Roman imperial sphere, not papal territory.
Full reasoning
This entry describes Pietro Cadalus's birthplace as "Verona, Papal States" in 1010, which is historically incorrect.
- Treccani identifies Cadalus (the future antipope Honorius II) as being born in the Veronese territory.
- UNESCO's World Heritage documentation for Verona says the city belonged to the Holy Roman Empire after Lombard rule.
So while Cadalus was indeed from the Verona area, labeling Verona as part of the Papal States in 1010 is wrong.
2 sources
- Cadalo - Enciclopedia - Treccani
Antipapa, nato in territorio veronese da nobile famiglia, forse tedesca, morto a Parma nel 1072.
- City of Verona - UNESCO World Heritage nomination dossier
At the end of the Roman period (476 CE), Verona became ... the Lombards until 774, and the Holy Roman Empire until ...