en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_toward_the_mean
1 correction found
invented linear regression analysis
Galton coined the term “regression” and popularized the idea, but linear least-squares regression methods were already in use decades before his work.
Full reasoning
This overstates Galton’s role. Francis Galton’s work on heredity was historically important in naming and popularizing regression toward the mean, but the underlying linear least-squares regression methods predate him by many decades.
A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) overview states that the method of least squares used for linear regression parameter estimation was developed in the late 1700s and early 1800s by Gauss, Legendre, and possibly Robert Adrain. A Utah State University history page likewise explains that scientists were fitting bivariate data with least squares regression in the early 19th century; it specifically names Legendre (1805), Adrain (1808/1809), and Gauss (1809), and notes that Laplace also used linear regression methods before Galton. The same page then describes Galton’s contribution as a further development and application of regression, not its invention.
So the accurate historical claim is that Galton coined and popularized the term “regression” in this context, but he did not invent linear regression analysis itself.
2 sources
- NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods – Linear Least Squares Regression
The "method of least squares" that is used to obtain parameter estimates was independently developed in the late 1700's and the early 1800's by the mathematicians Karl Friedrich Gauss, Adrien Marie Legendre and (possibly) Robert Adrain.
- Utah State University – Correlation and Regression
Among the approaches that scientists explored to fit bivariate data was least squares regression... Adrien Marie Legendre in 1805, Robert Adrain in 1808 or 1809, and Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1809... A further development and application of regression occurred when Francis Galton... He named the phenomenon regression to the mean.