en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours

This statement presents the battle site as settled, but modern scholarship does not. Encyclopaedia Britannica says the battlefield cannot be exactly located and places it only somewhere between Tours and Poitiers; it lists Moussais-la-Bataille as just one of several possibilities. Oxford Bibliographies likewise notes that there are still uncertainties about the battle’s precise location. So the problem is not that Moussais-la-Bataille is impossible, but that stating it as the definite location overstates what the evidence supports.

Modern scholarship does not support the idea that western European forces in 732 had no stirrups and therefore no heavy cavalry. A recent synthesis in Antiquity states that iron stirrups spread into Europe by about AD 600, well before the Battle of Tours. The same article also explains that heavy cavalry had already emerged long before stirrups: innovations in saddle stability allowed riders to fight while heavily armed, helping heavy cavalry replace chariots by the end of the first millennium BC. Britannica similarly notes that the age of heavy shock cavalry did not arrive suddenly because of the stirrup and that the iron stirrup was already common by the 7th century. So the sentence is inaccurate both in claiming stirrups were absent and in treating stirrups as the necessary condition for heavy cavalry.