de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saitenw%C3%BCrmer
5 corrections found
parasitieren offensichtlich ausschließlich in Zehnfußkrebsen
This is no longer correct: Nectonema has also been reported from isopod crustaceans, not only decapods.
Full reasoning
Recent primary literature directly contradicts the claim that marine Nectonema parasites occur exclusively in decapod crustaceans.
A 2021 paper was explicitly titled "First report of marine horsehair worms (Nematomorpha: Nectonema) parasitic in isopod crustaceans". A 2024 abstract further states that "16 decapod and 1 isopod genera have been reported to date as host genera".
So Nectonema is not known only from decapods; isopod hosts are now documented as well.
2 sources
- First report of marine horsehair worms (Nematomorpha: Nectonema) parasitic in isopod crustaceans
First report of marine horsehair worms (Nematomorpha: Nectonema) parasitic in isopod crustaceans.
- Nectonema horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) parasitic in the Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, with a note on the relationship between host and parasite phylogeny
Nectonema nematomorphs utilize marine crustacean hosts in their life cycle; 16 decapod and 1 isopod genera have been reported to date as host genera.
die vier bekannten Arten der Gattung Nectonema
This is outdated: recent literature already recognized five named Nectonema species, and a 2026 paper described an additional new species.
Full reasoning
Recent peer-reviewed sources contradict the statement that only four species of Nectonema are known.
A 2023 molecular paper states: "Currently, the phylum Nematomorpha comprises two classes: marine Nectonematoida (one genus, five species)". A 2026 Journal of Helminthology paper likewise states "There are currently five named species" and then describes Nectonema shimadai sp. nov., adding yet another named species.
So the article's count of four known species is no longer correct.
2 sources
- Expression of Hairpin-Enriched Mitochondrial DNA in Two Hairworm Species (Nematomorpha)
Currently, the phylum Nematomorpha comprises two classes: marine Nectonematoida (one genus, five species) and freshwater Gordioidea (20 genera, more than 350 species).
- A new Nectonema nematomorph species parasitic in an alpheid shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea)
There are currently five named species. ... we here describe as a new species.
vier Meeresarten der Gattung Nectonema
The marine species count is outdated: peer-reviewed sources recognize five named Nectonema species, and a 2026 paper added another species.
Full reasoning
This count is outdated. A 2023 peer-reviewed study says the marine nematomorph group Nectonematoida contains one genus with five species, not four. A 2026 paper in the Journal of Helminthology also says "There are currently five named species" and then describes Nectonema shimadai sp. nov.
That means the statement that there are four marine species of Nectonema is incorrect.
2 sources
- Expression of Hairpin-Enriched Mitochondrial DNA in Two Hairworm Species (Nematomorpha)
Currently, the phylum Nematomorpha comprises two classes: marine Nectonematoida (one genus, five species) and freshwater Gordioidea (20 genera, more than 350 species).
- A new Nectonema nematomorph species parasitic in an alpheid shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea)
There are currently five named species. ... we here describe as a new species.
können Saitenwürmer auch den Menschen befallen
Current evidence does not support true human infection by horsehair worms; reported human encounters are generally considered accidental pseudoparasitism.
Full reasoning
Recent review literature by specialists in Nematomorpha says the evidence does not support true parasitism of humans.
In a 2022 paper coauthored by Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, the authors state in the summary that "there is no evidence that gordiids are parasites of humans". In the body of the paper they add that earlier reported cases were reviewed and that, except for a very small number of unexplained reports, there was no true parasitism and the association between humans and gordiids was accidental. The same paper concludes: "there is no evidence for a parasitation of humans by gordiid worms".
That means the article's wording that horsehair worms can infect humans is misleading; the better-supported interpretation is accidental association or pseudoparasitism, not true human infection.
2 sources
- Human Encounter with a Horsehair Worm (Nematomorpha): Is There a Reason To Worry?
It is discussed that there is no evidence that gordiids are parasites of humans.
- Human Encounter with a Horsehair Worm (Nematomorpha): Is There a Reason To Worry?
The reported cases were reviewed by Schmidt-Rhaesa (2013), who came to the conclusion that, with the exception of very few unexplained cases, there was no true parasitism and the association between humans and gordiids was accidental.
der älteste Saitenwurm stammt aus der Braunkohle des Eozän vor maximal 60 Millionen Jahren
This is outdated: a 2006 study reported a Nematomorpha fossil from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber about 100 million years old.
Full reasoning
The article says the oldest horsehair worm fossil is at most 60 million years old, but later fossil work pushed the record much farther back.
A 2006 paper in the Journal of Invertebrate Pathology describes Cretachordodes burmitis from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber and calls it "the earliest known and only Mesozoic fossil of the phylum Nematomorpha". A later overview likewise summarizes this as the oldest known hairworm fossil, from Burmese amber dated to about 100 million years ago.
So the statement that the oldest known nematomorph fossil is only Eocene in age is no longer correct.
2 sources
- Nematode (Nematoda: Mermithidae) and hairworm (Nematomorpha: Chordodidae) parasites in Early Cretaceous amber
These rare specimens represent the first fossil mermithid parasite of a ceratopogonid midge and ... the earliest known and only Mesozoic fossil of the phylum Nematomorpha.
- Burmese Amber - an overview
The oldest known hairworm fossil, Cretachordodes burmitis Poinar and Buckley (2004), in Early Cretaceous amber from Burma (100 mya).