en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool
4 corrections found
which in 1841 was the first to use the word maelstrom in the English language
This is incorrect: English sources used the word "maelstrom" centuries before Poe. Major dictionaries date its first known English use to 1588 and describe Poe as helping popularize it, not coin it.
Full reasoning
Merriam-Webster's dictionary entry for maelstrom gives the word's first known use as 1588, which directly contradicts the article's claim that Poe's 1841 story was the first English use. Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day page further explains that the term became popularized in 19th-century English partly through writers such as Edgar Allan Poe and Jules Verne. So Poe helped spread the word in English literature, but he did not introduce its first English usage.
2 sources
- Merriam-Webster Dictionary: maelstrom
Word History ... First Known Use 1588 ... English speakers have applied the word to any powerful whirlpool since the 16th century.
- Merriam-Webster Word of the Day: Maelstrom
The word became popularized in the general vocabulary of English ... in the 19th century. This was partly due to its use by writers such as Edgar Allan Poe and Jules Verne.
the formerly 10-foot (3.0 m) deep lake was now 1,300 feet (400 m) deep.
This widely repeated figure is wrong. Credible university sources describe Lake Peigneur after the disaster as about 200 feet deep, not 1,300 feet deep.
Full reasoning
The article appears to confuse the depth of the salt-mine system beneath Lake Peigneur with the post-disaster depth of the lake itself. The University of Louisiana at Lafayette states that after the 1980 accident, the former 11-foot-deep freshwater lake became a 200-foot-deep saltwater lake. A Louisiana State University-reported account of the disaster likewise says the lake drained into the mine and then refilled, but does not support a 1,300-foot lake depth; the 1,300-foot figure is associated in popular retellings with the mine level, not the resulting lake basin. So the claim that the lake itself became 1,300 feet deep is incorrect.
2 sources
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette Libraries: Fun Fact Friday with Special Collections
Today, the formerly 11-foot-deep freshwater lake is now a 200-foot-deep saltwater lake with an entirely different ecosystem living in it than had been before 1980.
- ScienceDaily relaying Louisiana State University: Early Oceans Touch Civilization Today
Within seven hours the entire 1,100-acre lake was empty ... The salt dome was filled with lake water ... The 150-million-year-old Diamond Crystal salt dome under Lake Peigneur has been partially opened again.
the loss of nineteen barges and eight tug boats
These casualty counts are far too high. Credible accounts of the Lake Peigneur disaster report 11 barges and one tugboat being swallowed, not 19 barges and 8 tugboats.
Full reasoning
Reliable retrospective accounts do not support the article's numbers. The University of Louisiana at Lafayette says the whirlpool swallowed 11 barges and a tugboat. A Louisiana State University account carried by ScienceDaily likewise says that within hours the sinkhole consumed a tugboat and 11 barges. Those sources directly contradict the claim that the disaster caused the loss of nineteen barges and eight tug boats.
2 sources
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette Libraries: Fun Fact Friday with Special Collections
The 'shallow' lake managed to completely swallow ... 11 barges ... and a tugboat into its brand-new gaping maw.
- ScienceDaily relaying Louisiana State University: Early Oceans Touch Civilization Today
Within seven hours the entire 1,100-acre lake was empty and two drilling rigs, a tugboat, 11 barges from the canal ... had disappeared into the sinkhole at the bottom of the lake.
with flow currents reaching speeds as high as 32 km/h (20 mph).
The speed figure here is overstated. Norwegian reference and oceanographic sources describe Moskstraumen at roughly 6 knots (about 11 km/h) to 5 m/s (about 18 km/h), not 32 km/h.
Full reasoning
Two credible sources contradict the claimed 32 km/h (20 mph) current speed. Store norske leksikon, Norway's national encyclopedia, says the current speed in Moskstraumen can reach up to six knots, which is about 11 km/h. An oceanography paper in Continental Shelf Research states that the tidal current runs up to 5 m/s, which is about 18 km/h. Both figures are substantially lower than 32 km/h, so the article's maximum-speed claim is inaccurate.
2 sources
- Store norske leksikon: Moskstraumen
Strømmen skifter retning ... strømvirvler dannes, og farten kan bli opptil seks knop. (The current changes direction ... eddies form, and the speed can become up to six knots.)
- Continental Shelf Research: Tidal eddies and cross-shelf exchange north of Lofoten, Norway
tidal current, Moskstraumen, runs with a speed of up to 5 m=s (Norwegian Hydrographic Service, 1986a).