All corrections
Wikipedia July 17, 2026 at 07:43 AM

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump_and_dump

2 corrections found

1
Claim
In 2005, Spear & Jackson and International Media Solutions were fined over $8 million, and its two executive officers, Kermit J. Silva and Yolanda Velazquez, each paid an additional $420,000 out of their personal accounts.
Correction

The SEC’s 2005 orders did not fine Spear & Jackson over $8 million, and Yolanda Velazquez’s payment was over $435,000, not $420,000.

Full reasoning

This sentence mixes together several SEC sanctions in a way that changes who paid what.

According to the SEC’s February 10, 2005 litigation release:

  • Dennis Crowley was ordered to pay more than $6.1 million.
  • International Media Solutions (IMS) was ordered to pay about $2.03 million.
  • Yolanda Velazquez was ordered to pay more than $435,000.
  • Spear & Jackson itself was described as agreeing to a permanent injunction; the release does not say the company was ordered to pay a monetary fine in that settlement.

The article’s phrasing therefore incorrectly assigns the “over $8 million” figure to Spear & Jackson and IMS, when the large monetary sanction was primarily against Crowley plus IMS. It also says Velazquez paid $420,000, but the SEC states her total was more than $435,000.

A separate SEC release from October 5, 2005 shows that Kermit Silva was ordered to pay $336,307 in disgorgement, $23,952 in prejudgment interest, and a $60,000 civil penalty—about $420,259 total. So the “about $420,000” figure matches Silva, not Velazquez.

2 sources
  • SEC.gov | Spear & Jackson, Inc., et al.

    Crowley will be ordered to pay ... more than $6.1 million, IMS will be ordered to pay disgorgement of approximately $2 million, and Velazquez will be ordered to pay ... more than $435,000. ... Spear & Jackson has agreed to the entry of an order permanently enjoining it...

  • SEC.gov | Spear & Jackson, Inc.

    The final judgment orders Silva to pay $336,307 in disgorgement, plus prejudgment interest of $23,952, and a $60,000 civil penalty.

2
Claim
In April 2018, Morrie Tobin and others, using offshore accounts, gained over $165 million from a pump-and-dump scheme.
Correction

The SEC attributes the “more than $165 million” figure to a broader Knox/Wintercap scheme, not to Tobin’s own stock-manipulation scheme.

Full reasoning

The SEC’s own description of the case does not say Morrie Tobin’s scheme generated more than $165 million. In its 2021 litigation release, the SEC says Tobin “secretly controlled and owned substantially all of the stock in two public companies” and organized a scheme involving those two companies. The same release then separately says that Roger Knox and Wintercap SA were charged in a different, broader scheme that generated more than $165 million of illegal sales of stock in at least 50 microcap companies, including Tobin-related companies.

The Department of Justice likewise described Tobin’s criminal case as a scheme that “sought to generate $15 million in fraudulent proceeds,” not $165 million.

So the article incorrectly assigns the broader $165 million figure to Tobin and others, when official sources attribute that number to the wider Knox/Wintercap operation.

2 sources
Model: OPENAI_GPT_5 Prompt: v1.16.0