en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkirs
3 corrections found
and follow the Jadid doctrine.
Jadidism was a reform movement, not the doctrinal affiliation of Bashkirs as a people. Standard descriptions identify Bashkirs primarily as Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school.
Full reasoning
This phrase misstates what Jadidism is.
Bashkirs are commonly described as Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi madhhab. A standard ethnographic reference on Bashkir beliefs says Bashkirs are Sunni Hanafi Muslims, explains that Jadidism spread among Bashkirs in the second half of the 19th century as a reform movement in Islam, and adds that today Islam among Bashkirs exists mainly in an orthodox form. In other words, Jadidism is treated there as a historical current that influenced Bashkir religious life, not as the standing doctrine that Bashkirs generally "follow."
A reference entry on Jadidism likewise defines it as a movement of reform among Muslim intellectuals, not as a madhhab or communal creed. So the wording here wrongly turns a historical reform movement into the present doctrinal identity of the Bashkirs.
2 sources
- Ярлыкапов А.А. Верования башкир | Этноциклопедия
Башкиры ... мусульмане-сунниты ханафитского толка ... Значительно большее влияние на башкир имело ... движение в исламе — джадидизм ... Ныне ислам среди башкир бытует в основном в ортодоксальной форме.
- JADIDISM - Encyclopaedia Iranica
JADIDISM, a movement of reform among Muslim intellectuals in Central Asia ... The Jadids by no means constituted a unified movement.
The majority of them (60%) carried Y-DNA of West Eurasian origin, but at least 40% of East Eurasian (N1a-M2004, N1a-Z1936, Q1a and R1a-Z2124).
The cited paper reports different proportions: 69% West Eurasian paternal lineages and 20.7% East Eurasian paternal lineages, not 60% and at least 40%. It also describes N1a-Z1936 as a European/Finno-Permic branch, so counting it as East Eurasian is misleading.
Full reasoning
This sentence does not match the results of the cited Scientific Reports paper.
In its discussion, the paper states that for the Conqueror paternal lineages, 20.7% of Y-haplogroups originated from East Eurasia and 69% were West Eurasian. Those are the authors' own summarized proportions, and they conflict with the article's claim of 60% West Eurasian and at least 40% East Eurasian.
The article also lumps N1a-Z1936 into the East Eurasian side, but the same paper describes Z1936 as "the Finno-Permic N1a branch" that is most frequent among northeastern European and Volga-Ural populations. So the wording here both misreports the percentages and misclassifies one of the listed lineages.
2 sources
- Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin | Scientific Reports
The origin and composition of the Conqueror paternal lineages fairly mirrors that of their maternal ones; 20,7% of the Y-Hg-s originated from East Eurasia ... proportion of west Eurasian paternal lineages is 69% ...
- Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin | Scientific Reports
Three Conqueror samples belonged to Hg N1a1a1a1a2-Z1936, the Finno-Permic N1a branch, being most frequent among northeastern European Saami, Finns, Karelians, as well as Komis, Volga Tatars and Bashkirs of the Volga-Ural region.
many Bashkirs served as mercenaries in the Russian army to defend from the French invaders during Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
Bashkir troops in 1812–1814 were not mercenaries. Historical sources describe them as Bashkir regiments/host serving within the Russian Empire's own irregular military system.
Full reasoning
Calling these Bashkir troops "mercenaries" is inaccurate.
Scholarly sources describe the Bashkirs as having a long history of military service to Russia and specifically characterize their role as irregular frontier duty and later service in the regular army. A modern military-history overview says Bashkirs were organized into the Bashkir-Meshcheriak Host and that the host supplied troops for border service and campaigns against France. Another study's abstract on the Napoleonic period states that 20 Bashkir and 2 Mishar regiments from the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army took part, and classifies them as irregular troops.
That is different from being mercenaries. The record here is of state-organized imperial service, not hired-for-pay foreign soldiery.
3 sources
- Subject Nationalities in the Military Service of Imperial Russia: The Case of the Bashkirs | Slavic Review | Cambridge Core
The Bashkirs ... stood at a watershed in their long history of military service to Russia marking the divide between decades of irregular frontier duty and inclusion in the ranks of the regular army.
- The Routledge Handbook of Soviet and Russian Military Studies (preview)
Bashkirs ... were organised into the Bashkir-Meshcheriak Host ... During the 1806–1807 Campaign, the Bashkir Host also organised several 500-men regiments and two of them eventually took part in the fighting against the French.
- Article abstract on Bashkir and Mishar regiments in the Napoleonic wars
In the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814, 20 Bashkir and 2 Misharsky regiments from the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army took part ... Keywords: Russian army, irregular troops, Bashkir-Meshcheryak army.