en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative_easing

This gets the timeline of Bank of Japan policy wrong.

According to the Bank of Japan’s own explanation of its policy framework, during 1999 and 2000 it implemented the “zero interest rate policy”, and in 2001 it adopted quantitative easing. Separately, the Bank says “QQE with a Negative Interest Rate” was introduced in January 2016.

So 1999 was the start of Japan’s zero-rate policy, not a negative-rate policy. The article’s wording incorrectly moves Japan’s negative-rate policy back by about 17 years.

The number here is substantially too low.

The Federal Reserve’s own reports say its balance sheet was about $4.2–$4.3 trillion at the start of the pandemic response in March 2020. By the Federal Reserve’s June 2022 Monetary Policy Report, the balance sheet was roughly stable at $9 trillion from February through May 2022. That implies an increase of roughly $4.7 to $4.8 trillion, not $2 trillion.

Even by August 12, 2020, the Fed reported total assets of $6.957 trillion, already an increase of $2.645 trillion from March 11, 2020. So the article’s “$2 trillion” figure is already too small even for mid-2020, let alone mid-2022.

This claim is contradicted by the Federal Reserve’s own description of its oversight structure.

The Federal Reserve states that the system “is subject to a number of levels of oversight” and specifically that “The Federal Reserve is subject to oversight by Congress.” It also says the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has broad authority to review and audit Federal Reserve activities, and that the Board of Governors’ Office of Inspector General conducts independent audits and investigations.

So while the Fed is designed to make monetary-policy decisions without needing day-to-day outside approval, it does not “lack statutory supervision.” It is subject to multiple forms of statutory oversight.

This sentence misstates the ECB’s own explanation for the 2019 restart of net asset purchases.

In its 24 October 2019 monetary policy decision, the ECB said net purchases would restart at €20 billion per month from 1 November and would continue “for as long as necessary to reinforce the accommodative impact of its policy rates.” The same statement ties the decision to the ECB’s inflation outlook.

The ECB’s overview of the asset purchase programme likewise says the APP exists to support the monetary policy transmission mechanism, provide accommodation needed to ensure price stability, and help ensure inflation stabilises at its 2% target in the medium term.

So the article’s description—saying the programme was resumed to encourage governments to borrow more and spend on domestic investment projects—is not the ECB’s stated objective and is materially misleading about why the programme was restarted.