en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Boy_Floyd
4 corrections found
Floyd was ultimately tracked down and killed by officers from the Bureau of Investigation in a raid led by Melvin Purvis.
This uses the wrong agency name for 1934. By the time Floyd was killed on October 22, 1934, Hoover’s agency had already been renamed the Division of Investigation; it did not become the FBI until 1935.
Full reasoning
The sentence treats the 1934 raid as the work of the Bureau of Investigation, but that was no longer the agency’s official name at the time of Floyd’s death.
Authoritative sources agree on the timeline:
- The National Archives says the Bureau of Investigation (BOI) existed from 1909–1934, followed by the Division of Investigation from 1934–1935.
- Cornell Law School’s U.S. Code notes explain that Executive Order 6166 transferred the BOI’s functions into a Division of Investigation, and that the agency was first designated the “Federal Bureau of Investigation” in 1935.
- PBS’s American Experience likewise states that the BOI was officially renamed the Division of Investigation on August 10, 1933, and renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation on July 1, 1935.
Since Floyd was killed on October 22, 1934, describing the raiding officers as being from the Bureau of Investigation is historically inaccurate. The correct contemporaneous name was the Division of Investigation.
3 sources
- National Archives: Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI]
Predecessor Agencies: ... Bureau of Investigation (BOI, 1909-34) ... Division of Investigation (1934-35) ... Division of Investigation redesignated FBI, 1935.
- Cornell Law School, 28 U.S. Code § 531 - Federal Bureau of Investigation
Section 3 of Executive Order No. 6166 of June 10, 1933 ... transferred to and consolidated in a Division of Investigation ... The Division of Investigation was first designated as the 'Federal Bureau of Investigation' by the Act of Mar. 22, 1935.
- PBS American Experience: The Rise of the FBI
On August 10, 1933, the B.O.I. was officially renamed the Division of Investigation... On July 1, 1935, the D.O.I. was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
director of the BOI
This title is anachronistic for July 1934. Hoover was then heading the Division of Investigation, not the Bureau of Investigation.
Full reasoning
This phrase is incorrect for the time period being described. The article is talking about events after John Dillinger’s death on July 22, 1934, but by then Hoover’s agency was no longer officially called the Bureau of Investigation.
The record is clear:
- The National Archives lists the BOI as ending in 1934, with the Division of Investigation in place from 1934 to 1935.
- Cornell Law School’s notes to 28 U.S. Code § 531 explain that Executive Order 6166 consolidated the BOI into a Division of Investigation, and that the name Federal Bureau of Investigation was not adopted until 1935.
- PBS states the BOI was officially renamed the Division of Investigation on August 10, 1933.
So when Hoover labeled Floyd "Public Enemy No. 1" in 1934, his correct title was associated with the Division of Investigation, not the BOI.
3 sources
- National Archives: Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI]
Predecessor Agencies: ... Bureau of Investigation (BOI, 1909-34) ... Division of Investigation (1934-35).
- Cornell Law School, 28 U.S. Code § 531 - Federal Bureau of Investigation
Section 3 of Executive Order No. 6166 of June 10, 1933 ... transferred to and consolidated in a Division of Investigation ... The Division of Investigation was first designated as the 'Federal Bureau of Investigation' by the Act of Mar. 22, 1935.
- PBS American Experience: The Rise of the FBI
On August 10, 1933, the B.O.I. was officially renamed the Division of Investigation.
Local police and F.B.I. agents led by Melvin Purvis under the direct supervision of Inspector Samuel P. Cowley shot Floyd on October 22, 1934, in a corn field in East Liverpool, Ohio.
The date is right, but the agency label is not: in October 1934 these were Division of Investigation agents, not FBI agents. The FBI name was adopted in 1935.
Full reasoning
The sentence describes the 1934 shooting correctly in broad outline, but it incorrectly calls the federal officers "F.B.I. agents".
That label is anachronistic for October 22, 1934:
- PBS states that the Bureau of Investigation was renamed the Division of Investigation on August 10, 1933, and that the D.O.I. was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation on July 1, 1935.
- Cornell Law School’s annotated U.S. Code likewise says the agency became the Division of Investigation under Executive Order 6166 and was first designated the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1935.
- The National Archives gives the same sequence: BOI (1909–34), Division of Investigation (1934–35), then FBI.
So in October 1934, Purvis and the other federal officers were not yet FBI agents in the official historical sense; they were agents of the Division of Investigation.
3 sources
- PBS American Experience: The Rise of the FBI
On August 10, 1933, the B.O.I. was officially renamed the Division of Investigation... On July 1, 1935, the D.O.I. was renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
- Cornell Law School, 28 U.S. Code § 531 - Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Bureau's functions were 'transferred to and consolidated in a Division of Investigation'... The Division of Investigation was first designated as the 'Federal Bureau of Investigation' by the Act of Mar. 22, 1935.
- National Archives: Records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI]
Predecessor Agencies: ... Bureau of Investigation (BOI, 1909-34) ... Division of Investigation (1934-35).
Curtis C. Burke
The agent’s surname is misspelled here. Contemporary and memorial records identify the slain Prohibition agent as Curtis C. Burks, not Curtis C. Burke.
Full reasoning
This appears to be a name error. The federal agent killed in the July 1931 Kansas City shooting is consistently identified in law-enforcement memorial records as Curtis C. Burks.
- ATF’s fallen-agents page is titled “Curtis C. Burks” and describes the 1931 Kansas City incident involving Floyd.
- The Officer Down Memorial Page also lists him as “Special Agent Curtis C. Burks” of the Bureau of Prohibition.
- A Kansas City law-enforcement memorial page likewise identifies him as Curtis C. Burks.
Because these sources all name the victim Burks, the article’s use of “Curtis C. Burke” is incorrect.
3 sources
- ATF: Curtis C. Burks
Curtis C. Burks ... In July 1931 ... Charles Arthur 'Pretty Boy' Floyd ... shot Agent Burks twice.
- Officer Down Memorial Page: Special Agent Curtis C. Burks
# Special Agent Curtis C. Burks ... United States Department of Justice - Bureau of Prohibition ... Agent Burks succumbed to gunshot wounds...
- Law Enforcement Memorial Garden: Curtis C. Burks
# Curtis C. Burks ... In July 1931, Agent Burks and a dozen other agents and local officers were conducting a raid on a local flower shop.