en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee
4 corrections found
By the 1970s this method was replaced with PCR testing, as well as evaluating factors such as brain anatomy and behaviour.
This is chronologically wrong: PCR-based Olympic sex testing was introduced in the 1990s, not the 1970s.
Full reasoning
Peer-reviewed histories of Olympic sex verification place the switch from Barr body / sex chromatin testing to PCR decades later than this article says.
- A 1992 review in the British Medical Bulletin states that the discredited sex chromatin test "was abandoned in 1991 by the IAAF" and that women athletes "will still be tested at the Olympic Games at Albertville and Barcelona using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." That puts Olympic PCR testing in 1992, not the 1970s.
- A 2011 historical review in the Canadian Bulletin of Medical History says Olympic sex tests "rapidly progressed to cellular-based tests (the presence of a Barr body), and eventually to molecular-based tests (the absence of the SRY gene)." In other words, PCR-era molecular testing came after the Barr body era and near the end of 1968-1998 compulsory testing, not by the 1970s.
So the sentence compresses several decades of policy history and misdates the adoption of PCR testing by roughly twenty years.
2 sources
- Gender verification testing in sport - PubMed
The discredited sex chromatin test ... was abandoned in 1991 by the IAAF ... But, women athletes will still be tested at the Olympic Games at Albertville and Barcelona using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...
- Genitals to genes: the history and biology of gender verification in the Olympics - PubMed
From 1968 to 1998 ... The sex tests started out as simple anatomical examinations ... progressed to cellular-based tests (the presence of a Barr body), and eventually to molecular-based tests (the absence of the SRY gene).
In 1966, IOC implemented a compulsory sex verification process
The IOC did not officially mandate compulsory sex verification in 1966; the IOC's own mandatory programme began in 1968.
Full reasoning
The date here is off.
A peer-reviewed review in Genetics in Medicine states: "The International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially mandated gender verification for female athletes beginning in 1968 and continuing through 1998." The same abstract explains that visual observation and gynecological examination had been tried on a trial basis in the lead-up to the 1968 Games, but the IOC's official mandatory policy began in 1968.
A second review in Sports Medicine likewise says that sex chromatin testing "was introduced at the Mexico City Olympic Games in 1968." So while sex-verification practices existed in international sport before then, describing the IOC itself as implementing its compulsory programme in 1966 is inaccurate.
2 sources
- Gender verification of female athletes - PubMed
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially mandated gender verification for female athletes beginning in 1968 and continuing through 1998.
- Gender verification in competitive sports - PubMed
Thus, sex chromatin testing (buccal smear) was introduced at the Mexico City Olympic Games in 1968.
Following the denial of her appeal by the Court of Arbitration for Sport
This reverses what happened: CAS did not deny Dutee Chand's appeal; it suspended the hyperandrogenism regulations.
Full reasoning
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) did not deny Dutee Chand's appeal.
World Athletics' own 27 July 2015 statement on the case says CAS issued an "interim award" directing that the Hyperandrogenism Regulations "should be suspended for two years while that evidence is gathered." In other words, Chand's challenge succeeded in suspending the rules rather than failing.
CAS later reiterated this publicly: its January 2018 media release says that in July 2015 it had already issued an Interim Award "suspending the IAAF's Hyperandrogenism Regulations." That is the opposite of a denied appeal.
So this clause misstates the outcome of one of the central legal decisions in the history of sex-eligibility rules in sport.
2 sources
- IAAF comments on interim award issued by the CAS on the IAAF's Hyperandrogenism Regulations | World Athletics
The IAAF ... notes the CAS Panel's view that more evidence is required ... and its directive that the Regulations should be suspended for two years while that evidence is gathered.
- CAS media release on Dutee Chand case (January 2018)
The CAS panel had released in an 'Interim Award' a decision suspending the IAAF's Hyperandrogenism Regulations ...
Some weeks before the Opening Ceremonies, the Xinjiang Papers were released
The Xinjiang Papers were published in November 2019, more than two years before the Beijing 2022 opening ceremony, not 'some weeks before.'
Full reasoning
This claim gets the timeline badly wrong.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics opened in February 2022, but the "Xinjiang Papers" were published in November 2019. The Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada summarized the leak on 18 November 2019 and noted that The New York Times had published the "Xinjiang Papers" that Saturday. Amnesty International's Xinjiang documentation likewise cites the New York Times publication date as 16 November 2019.
That means the leak appeared roughly 27 months before the Beijing 2022 opening ceremony, not a few weeks before it.
2 sources
- The Xinjiang Papers | Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada
November 18, 2019 ... On Saturday, The New York Times published the "Xinjiang Papers," 403 pages of internal speeches and other internal Chinese government documents that were leaked to the press.
- "Like we were enemies in a war": China's Mass Internment, Torture and Persecution of Muslims in Xinjiang
The Xinjiang Papers: Austin Ramzy and Chris Buckley, 'Absolutely No Mercy': Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims ... New York Times, 16 November 2019.